Brief communication: Improving ERA5-Land soil temperature in permafrost regions using an optimized multi-layer snow scheme

Abstract. We previously reported a notable warm bias in ERA5-Land soil temperature permafrost regions that was supposedly being caused by an underestimation of snow density. In this study, we implemented and evaluated new multi-layer scheme the land surface ERA5-Land, i.e., HTESSEL, with revised densification parameterizations. compared temperatures from numerical experiments observations original single-layer scheme. The HTESSEL significantly improved representation to ERA5-Land. daily winter reduced about 0.6–3.0 ?C across 522 observing stations high-latitude regions, resulting modeled near-surface extent (11.0–12.9×106 km2 during 2001–2018), comparing reasonably observed estimates for continuous discontinuous areas. therefore suggest better-resolved profile should be included next-generation reanalyses as first step towards improving permafrost.